In Vietnam, cucumber has a long history of cultivation. Many local cultivars of cucumbers with valuable traits have been cultivated and preserved for generations. In Binh Dinh province, fragrant cucumber cultivars are still cultivated. In order to use fragrant genetic resources for breeding of cucumber varieties, which retains fragrant trait and eliminates the bitterness in the fruits of the local cultivars, it is necessary to understand the inheritance of the above traits. Two parental lines with contrasting traits: Fragrant and bitter cotyledon line (Duong Thanh) and non-fragrant and non-bitter cotyledon line (S20), were used as materials to examine the segregation ratios of theF1, F2and BC1progeny. The results of genetic analysis based on Chi-squared test (χ2 ) showed that the fragrance in both leaves and fruits of local cucumber Duong Thanh cultivar is controlled by a recessive gene. The bitterness in cotyledons is a dominant trait controlled by a single gene. The bitterness in cotyledons and the fragrance of the local cucumber Duong Thanh cultivar are inherited independently.